A guide to tools for observational measuring – Part Two

The joy of life drawing is its directness, when you are in the life room, drawing from the human figure it is just you and the model, and how you draw in response their poses. However, contained in this dynamic is every problem you will face with looking. Life drawing defies preconceived ideas of the human body by challenging you to see the model as they are, rather than how you imagine them to be, in doing so, it creates a stimulating environment where sensation, perception and imagination can grow.

Those with prior experience of figure drawing often note the learning opportunities that are afforded, effectively improving your core drawing skills whilst fostering creativity. However, these same people will often note that when drawing from the human figure your drawing skills are never ‘mastered’, as both you and the model change, meaning the way you see the world today will not be the same as you see it tomorrow. As an art tutor I have found that any artist who has spent time in the life room, will face the same set of problem when drawing from the human figure. This will enviably lead you to spending a lot of time thinking about how you can improve your ability to observe and then draw. For developing your perceptual skills is key to your understanding of form, perspective, proportion and tone. 

To shift to a more robust approach to life drawing, one that will enable you to persist through different drawing challenges, it is important to develop your understanding of proportion and measurement. A Guide to Observational Measuring, Part One, is available from here and outlines different approaches to measuring that will support you to get to grips with measuring proportion. In this blog I will build on this by drawing your attention to different techniques that will train your eye to clearly see proportion, angles, and relationships in the human figure. Although each approach is described separately, they can be intermixed as needed. You may find one of the techniques easier than another, so give them all a try until you settle on the method(s) that work for you and help you to see more objectively.

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The Figure Drawing – Rapid Sketche

When drawing the figure, you will find that the most spontaneous and immediate drawings you will produce are during the gestural drawing stage, which are normally between 1 and five minutes. This is because rapid sketches encourage the act of capturing the essence of the pose; forcing you to focus on gesture and movement, which will help you to develop a sense of rhythm and flow in your drawings.

What’s more, by working quickly, the short poses will force you to observe and analyse the subject more efficiently so that you can experiment with more spontaneous different ways of capturing and expressing the most important characteristics of the model’s form, posture, and action.

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Direct Inspiration from Famous Artists for Life Drawing Sessions

Ever since I attended my first life drawing class, the life room has represented both inspiration and challenge to me. Looking around my own life drawing class, I am aware that this communal space provides common ground, where professionals and amateur artists alike can come and practice drawing the human form. The history of drawing and painting the nude is a long one and well within western art tradition. Indeed, from the artwork of the ancient Greeks, where the nude figure is often present in sculptures and on pottery, to the Renaissance paintings, artists have long explored and depicted the human figure.

Today, in a contemporary art world full of photography, video and performance, there has been a resurgence of artists wishing to draw and paint the nude, which in turn has elevated this universal and seminal language beyond its previous station as a training tool, to a legitimate means of artistic expression. With this resurgence in artists wishing to engage in drawing and painting the nude, there is a burgeoning presence of un-tutored life drawing classes across the UK, where likeminded people can engage in lively discussions about figure drawing, explore new media, new technology and develop new ways of thinking.

When attending our life drawing class, you will notice that the human body is a creature of action, capable of delicate and dextrous articulation. For this reason, we have been asking our models to draw direct inspiration from famous artist such as Henry Moore and Zdzisław Beksiński into their poses, as this enables them to exhibit a certain kind of physicality in their poses and supports those attending the class to convey majesty and emotion in their drawings. So, in this blog I am going to explore figure drawing by examining the works of Henry Mooore and Zdzisław Beksiński, with an overview of drawing the figure as a connected whole. The aim is not to teach you how to draw, but to give you a point of inspiration from which to explore the human form.

Henry Moore

Taking inspiration from Henry Moore

In our session on March 15th, Danielle took direct inspiration for her poses from the sculptures of Henry Moore, which are renowned for their organic and abstract forms, that often depict the human figure in a simplified and stylized manner. When looking at Moore’s sculptures one of the most notable characteristics of his work is their emphasis on movement and dynamism. Moore's figures often appear to be in motion, with twisting and contorted forms that convey a sense of energy and vitality. Applying this to the life drawing class, Danielle created poses that conveyed a sense of movement and dynamism, by incorporating twisting and turning movements, as well as asymmetrical postures.

When viewing Moore's sculptures, it becomes obvious that there is an emphasis on the human form as a series of interconnected curved planes, where the figures are often composed of a series of rounded and organic shapes, arranged in a harmonious and balanced manner. When creating life drawing poses inspired by Moore's sculptures, Danielle, paid close attention to the overall composition of the pose, this enabled her to create poses that emphasised the curves and planes of the body, and ensured that the various elements of the pose were arranged in a balanced and harmonious way.

Sculptures by Henry Moore

In addition to the emphasis on movement and composition, Moore's sculptures are also notable for their use of negative space, creating a sense of depth and dimensionality to his artwork.

When creating life drawing poses inspired by Moore's sculptures, Danielle paid attention to the negative space surrounding her body, this ensured she was able to create poses that were interesting and dynamic. By focusing on the elements of movement, composition, negative space, and simplification, Danielle’s poses united the skills of observation, expression and understanding in one coherent approach. This in turn supported the artists to create dynamic and expressive drawings that captured the essence of the human figure.

Zdzisław Beksiński

Taking inspiration from Zdzisław Beksiński

Continuing with the theme of taking direct inspiration from known artists, our session on March 29th saw our model, Simon, channel the work of Zdzisław Beksiński in his poses. In recent years there has been increased interest in Beksiński’s work, this is because his art would often focus on creating surreal and dystopian environments in a unique and highly imaginative style that often featured somber scenes of death and decay, with dramatic depictions of distorted faces and deformed bodies. While it is undeniable that his work includes nightmarish imagery, the artist often stated that his work was not inherently dark, claiming that his paintings didn’t have any meaning, and, instead advised viewers to interpret them however they’d like. However, many art critics and historians have inferred that the frightening subject matter of his work describes his experiences living through The Nazi occupation of Poland, the horrors of the Holocaust and the Soviet invasion of Poland.

Because Beksiński's works are known for their highly detailed and imaginative depictions of human figures, Simon sought to exaggerate and distort his poses, this served as a great source of inspiration for the life drawing artists as it enabled them to capture the essence of the human form whilst pushing the boundaries of traditional life drawing techniques.

Moreover, regardless of Beksiński's denial of intentional meaning behind his work, there are elements of seemingly purposeful use of figurative surrealism, especially in the context of his past that supports the idea of art that seeks to comment on social injustice. By using poses inspired by Beksiński's work in our life drawing class, Simon incorporated storytelling elements into his poses. This allowed the artist to identify strategies for illustrating narratives, and using composition and details to convey a story through images. As a result the artists to push the boundaries of traditional life drawing techniques and experiment with new approaches to capturing the human form so that their life drawing images were more engaging and thought-provoking.

BeeCreative Life Drawing in Manchester City Centre

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Sexuality and Eroticism in Art

Following Ben’s life drawing performance on Valentines Day, I want to take a moment to explore sexuality and eroticism in art, its experimental and seductive power and how it transcends mere representation. This is because throughout history, sexuality and eroticism have been recurring themes in art, serving as a powerful tool to express human emotions and desires. From the ancient Greek sculptures to the Renaissance paintings and contemporary photography, artists have explored and depicted human sexuality in various forms and styles. As such, in this blog, I will explore the role of sexuality and eroticism in art, its evolution over time, and its impact on society.

The Origins of Eroticism in Art 

In the history of Western art, sexuality and eroticism have gone through long durations of being hidden, ignored, condemned, or objectified by the wider civilisation of the time. Due to this, for centuries, one had to look to mythological or even religious works for representations of the nude body. This is particularly evident in the most famous representation of the female nude body in Western art, the Venus pudica, who, in her exposed, fearful stance, represents a history of objectification of women. The depictions of Venus, goddess of love and beauty, in Ancient Rome, display her with the idealised female body, in a perpetual state of vulnerability and desirability, making her a confused package of womanhood and sexual meekness.

The Venus by Botticelli

Adam & Eve by JAN GOSSAERT

By making the pubic area the focal point of the pose, Venus is reduced to her anatomy, and thus, represents concepts of women’s objectification in Western art. In contrast portrayals of Adam and Eve in Christianity, depict the nude body as something to be condemned, a symbolic representation of sin in paradise. As such, it is only relatively recently that eroticism and sexuality in art has become truly transgressive in nature. Freed from the shackles of myth, religion, and academia, it gives way to the fury of desire.

 Despite these views, historically there have always been pockets of eroticism in art, that dared to represent human sexuality, from the earliest civilizations. Most notably, the ancient Greek and Roman civilisations created erotic art and literature that celebrated the beauty of the human form and sexual desire. This is most clearly represented in the infamous frescoes of doomed Pompeii, where oversized erections and sex acts are depicted freely and beautifully by ancient artists. In addition, the Kama Sutra, an ancient Indian text, gives us another example of erotic literature that explored human sexuality and sensuality unreservedly.

 Although sexuality would take hold in Europe much later, with the rise of the libertines, the nude body was a recurring dialogue in Renaissance art. The common representation of the nude body in paintings and sculptures during this period, offered artists many potential positive opportunities to explore the human body and sexuality in a more open and natural way, that stood in stark contrast to the views of the wider society of the Middle Ages. Driven by the Christian Church, the nude body was frowned upon, and artists were prohibited from depicting nudity, sexuality, or eroticism in art.

The Kiss by Gustav Klimt

The Modern Era and Sexual Liberation

In the 20th century, the sexual revolution and the feminist movement challenged traditional notions of sexuality and gender roles, offering a turning point for eroticism in art. Although the threat of censorship still loomed, artists began to explore sexuality and eroticism in new ways, and the subject matter became more explicit and provocative. One of the most famous examples of erotic art in the modern era is Gustav Klimt's painting, "The Kiss." This iconic work depicts a couple embracing in a passionate kiss, their bodies entwined in a sensual and erotic embrace. Despite coining an iconic style, Klimt’s brazen subject matter wasn’t easily received. Indeed, his three-part Vienna ceiling series, which as commissioned by the university was initially condemned as supposed pornography. It was following this that Klimt received heavy criticism for his supposed perverted approach to art. Klimt’s focus on intimacy, blended tenderness with erotic desire, that established a new take on romanticism in art and helped to alter societies perceptions on sexual liberation and human pleasure.

Photo: Robert Mapplethorpe

Looking also at the work of the photographer Robert Mapplethorpe, who explored sexuality, fetishism, and BDSM in his photographs, his many works gained notoriety for their sexually explicit images, that led to a political clash over the legal meaning of art and obscenity. As art has continued to develop, it has become an expression of the visceral, vital, subconscious power that we call desire, of which sexuality is merely one of many manifestations. For contemporary artists ideas of desire and intimacy have become an essential and inescapable topic from which to explore and challenge traditional notions of sexuality and eroticism. Coinciding with the emergence of the internet and social media which enables the easy sharing of work to reach a wider audience. Contemporary artists continue to explore the boundaries of what is considered acceptable, or taboo, and blur the boundaries between what is considered obscene and art.

The Impact of Sexuality and Eroticism in Art

Sexuality and eroticism in art have always been controversial subjects, and artists who have explored these themes have often faced criticism and censorship. However, art has the power to challenge social norms and provoke thought and discussion, and sexuality and eroticism have been used as a means of expressing human emotion and desire. Erotic art has also played a significant role in human sexuality, with many people finding it a source of pleasure and arousal. In this way, sexuality and eroticism in art have the potential to create a dialogue between the artist, the artwork, and the viewer.

Conclusion 

Sexuality and eroticism have been integral themes in art throughout history, serving as a means of expressing human emotion and desire. While it has often been a controversial subject, the representation of human sexuality in art has the potential to challenge social norms and provoke thought and discussion. As society continues to evolve and challenge traditional notions of sexuality and gender, the role of sexuality and eroticism in art is likely to continue to evolve as well.

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Nichola